:Base del6op.hlp>main
:Title Object Pascal Language Guide

1 Object Pascal Reference
2 Overview
3 Using Object Pascal=IDH_OP_overview
3 Program organization
4 Program organization: Overview=IDH_OP_programOrganization
4 Pascal source files=IDH_OP_pascalSourceFiles
4 Other files used to build applications=IDH_OP_otherFilesUsedtoBuildApplications
4 Compiler-generated files=IDH_OP_compilerGeneratedFiles
3 Example programs
4 About example programs=IDH_OP_examplePrograms
4 A simple console application=IDH_OP_simpleConsoleApplication
4 A more complicated example=IDH_OP_complicatedExample
4 A native application=IDH_OP_windowsApplication
2 Programs and units
3 Programs and units: Overview=IDH_OP_programsAndUnits
3 Program structure and syntax
4 Program structure and syntax: Overview=IDH_OP_programStructureAndSyntax
4 The program heading=IDH_OP_theProgramHeading
4 The program uses clause=IDH_OP_theProgramUsesClause
4 The block=IDH_OP_theBlock
3 Unit structure and syntax
4 Unit structure and syntax: Overview=IDH_OP_unitStructureAndSyntax
4 The unit heading=IDH_OP_theUnitHeading
4 The interface section=IDH_OP_theInterfaceSection
4 The implementation section=IDH_OP_theImplementationSection
4 The initialization section=IDH_OP_theInitializationSection
4 The finalization section=IDH_OP_theFinalizationSection
3 Unit references and the uses clause
4 Unit references and the uses clause=IDH_OP_unitReferencesAndTheUsesClause
4 The syntax of a uses clause=IDH_OP_theSyntaxOfAUsesClause
4 Multiple and indirect unit references=IDH_OP_multipleAndIndirectUnitReferences
4 Circular unit references=IDH_OP_circularUnitReferences
2 Syntactic elements
3 Syntactic elements: Overview=IDH_OP_syntacticElements
3 Fundamental syntactic elements
4 Fundamental syntactic elements: Overview=IDH_OP_fundamentalSyntacticElements
4 Special symbols=IDH_OP_specialSymbols
4 Identifiers=IDH_OP_identifiers
4 Reserved words=IDH_OP_reservedWords
4 Directives=IDH_OP_directives
4 Numerals=IDH_OP_numerals
4 Labels=IDH_OP_labels
4 Character strings=IDH_OP_characterStrings
2 Comments and compiler directives=IDH_OP_commentsAndCompilerDirectives
3 Expressions
4 About expressions=IDH_OP_expressions
4 Operators
5 About operators=IDH_OP_operators
5 Arithmetic operators=IDH_OP_arithmeticOperators
5 Boolean operators=IDH_OP_booleanOperators
5 Logical (bitwise) operators=IDH_OP_logicalOperators
5 String operators=IDH_OP_stringOperators
5 Pointer operators=IDH_OP_pointerOperators
5 Set operators=IDH_OP_setOperators
5 Relational operators=IDH_OP_relationalOperators
5 Class operators=IDH_OP_classOperators
5 The @ operator=IDH_OP_addressOperator
5 Operator precedence rules=IDH_OP_operatorPrecedenceRules
3 Function calls=IDH_OP_functionCalls
4 Set constructors=IDH_OP_setConstructors
4 Indexes=IDH_OP_indexes
4 Typecasts
5 Typecasts: Overview=IDH_OP_typecasts
5 Value typecasts=IDH_OP_valueTypecasts
5 Variable typecasts=IDH_OP_variableTypecasts
3 Declarations and statements
4 About declarations and statements=IDH_OP_declarationsAndStatements
4 Declarations=IDH_OP_declarations
4 Statements=IDH_OP_statements
4 Simple statements
5 Simple statements: Overview=IDH_OP_simpleStatements
5 Assignment statements=IDH_OP_assignmentStatements
5 Procedure and function calls=IDH_OP_procedureAndFunctionCalls
5 Goto statements=IDH_OP_gotoStatements
4 Structured statements
5 Structured statements: Overview=IDH_OP_structuredStatements
5 Compound statements=IDH_OP_compoundStatements
5 With statements=IDH_OP_withStatements
5 If statements=IDH_OP_ifStatements
5 Case statements=IDH_OP_caseStatements
5 Control loops=IDH_OP_controlLoops
5 Repeat statements=IDH_OP_repeatStatements
5 While statements=IDH_OP_whileStatements
5 For statements=IDH_OP_forStatements
3 Blocks and scope
4 Blocks and scope: Overview=IDH_OP_blocksAndScope
4 Blocks=IDH_OP_blocks
4 Scope=IDH_OP_scope
2 Data types, variables, and constants
3 Data types and variables: Overview=IDH_OP_datatypesVariablesAndConstants
3 About types=IDH_OP_aboutTypes
3 Simple types
4 Simple types: Overview=IDH_OP_simpleTypes
4 Ordinal types
5 Ordinal types: Overview=IDH_OP_ordinalTypes
5 Integer types=IDH_OP_integerTypes
5 Character types=IDH_OP_characterTypes
5 Boolean types=IDH_OP_booleanTypes
5 Enumerated types=IDH_OP_enumeratedTypes
5 Subrange types=IDH_OP_subrangeTypes
3 Real types=IDH_OP_realTypes
3 String types
4 About string types=IDH_OP_stringTypes
4 Short strings=IDH_OP_shortStrings
4 Long strings=IDH_OP_longStrings
4 Wide strings
5 WideString=IDH_OP_wideString
5 About extended character sets=IDH_OP_extendedCharacterSets
4 Null-terminated strings
5 Working with null-terminated strings=IDH_OP_nullTerminatedStrings
5 Using pointers, arrays, and string constants=IDH_OP_pointersArraysAndStringConstants
5 Mixing Pascal strings and null-terminated strings=IDH_OP_mixingPascalAndNullTerminatedStrings
3 Structured types
4 Structured types: Overview=IDH_OP_structuredTypes
4 Sets=IDH_OP_sets
4 Arrays
5 Arrays: Overview=IDH_OP_arrays
5 Static arrays=IDH_OP_staticArrays
5 Dynamic arrays=IDH_OP_dynamicArrays
5 Multidimensional dynamic arrays=IDH_OP_multidimensionalDynamicArrays
5 Array types and assignments=IDH_OP_arrayTypesAndAssignments
4 Records
5 About records=IDH_OP_records
5 Variant parts in records=IDH_OP_variantPartsInRecords
3 File types=IDH_OP_fileTypes
3 Pointers and pointer types
4 Pointers and pointer types=IDH_OP_pointersAndPointerTypes
4 Overview of pointers=IDH_OP_overviewOfPointers
4 Pointer types
5 About pointer types=IDH_OP_pointerTypes
5 Character pointers=IDH_OP_characterPointers
5 Other standard pointer types=IDH_OP_standardPointerTypes
3 Procedural types
4 Procedural types: Overview=IDH_OP_proceduralTypes
4 Procedural types in statements and expressions=IDH_OP_proceduralTypesInStatementsAndExpressions
3 Variant types
4 Variant types: Overview=IDH_OP_variantTypes
4 Variant type conversions=IDH_OP_variantTypeConversions
4 Variants in expressions=IDH_OP_variantsInExpressions
4 Variant arrays=IDH_OP_variantArrays
4 OleVariant=IDH_OP_oleVariant
3 Type compatibility and identity
4 Type compatibility and identity: Overview=IDH_OP_typeCompatibilityAndIdentity
4 Type identity=IDH_OP_typeIdentity
4 Type compatibility=IDH_OP_typeCompatibility
4 Assignment-compatibility=IDH_OP_assignmentCompatibility
3 Declaring types
4 Declaring types=IDH_OP_declaringTypes
3 Variables
4 Variables: Overview=IDH_OP_variables
4 Declaring variables
5 Declaring variables=IDH_OP_declaringVariables
5 Absolute addresses=IDH_OP_absoluteAddresses
5 Dynamic variables=IDH_OP_dynamicVariables
5 Thread-local variables=IDH_OP_threadLocalVariables
3 Declared constants
4 Constants: Overview=IDH_OP_constants
4 True constants
5 True constants=IDH_OP_trueConstants
5 Constant expressions=IDH_OP_constantExpressions
5 Resource strings=IDH_OP_resourceStrings
4 Typed constants
5 About typed constants=IDH_OP_typedConstants
5 Array constants=IDH_OP_arrayConstants
5 Record constants=IDH_OP_recordConstants
5 Procedural constants=IDH_OP_proceduralConstants
5 Pointer constants=IDH_OP_pointerConstants
2 Procedures and functions
3 Procedures and functions: Overview=IDH_OP_proceduresAndFunctions
3 Declaring procedures and functions
4 Declaring procedures and functions: Overview=IDH_OP_declaringProceduresAndFunctions
4 Procedure declarations=IDH_OP_declaringProcedures
4 Function declarations=IDH_OP_declaringFunctions
4 Calling conventions=IDH_OP_callingConventions
4 Forward and interface declarations=IDH_OP_forwardAndInterfaceDeclarations
4 External declarations=IDH_OP_externalDeclarations
4 Overloading procedures and functions=IDH_OP_overloadingProceduresAndFunctions
4 Local declarations=IDH_OP_localDeclarations
3 Parameters
4 Parameters: Overview=IDH_OP_parameters
4 Parameter semantics
5 Parameter semantics: Overview=IDH_OP_parameterSemantics
5 Value and variable parameters=IDH_OP_valueAndVariableParameters
5 Constant parameters=IDH_OP_constantParameters
5 Out parameters=IDH_OP_outParameters
5 Untyped parameters=IDH_OP_untypedParameters
4 String parameters
5 About string parameters=IDH_OP_stringParameters
4 Array parameters
5 Array parameters: Overview=IDH_OP_arrayParameters
5 Open array parameters=IDH_OP_openArrayParameters
5 Variant open array parameters=IDH_OP_variantOpenArrayParameters
4 Default parameters
5 Default parameters=IDH_OP_defaultParameters
5 Default parameters and overloaded routines=IDH_OP_defaultParametersAndOverloadedRoutines
5 Default parameters in forward and interface declarations=IDH_OP_defaultParametersInForwardAndInterfaceDeclarations
3 Calling procedures and functions
4 Calling procedures and functions=IDH_OP_callingProceduresAndFunctions
4 Open array constructors=IDH_OP_openArrayConstructors
2 Classes and objects
3 Classes and objects: Overview=IDH_OP_classesAndObjects
3 Class types
4 About class types=IDH_OP_classTypes
4 Inheritance and scope
5 Inheritance and scope=IDH_OP_inheritanceAndScope
5 TObject and TClass=IDH_OP_tobjectAndTClass
5 Compatibility of class types=IDH_OP_compatibilityOfClassTypes
5 Object types=IDH_OP_objectTypes
4 Visibility of class members
5 Visibility of class members=IDH_OP_visibilityOfClassMembers
5 Private, protected, and public members=IDH_OP_privateProtectedAndPublicMembers
5 Published members=IDH_OP_publishedMembers
5 Automated members=IDH_OP_automatedMembers
3 Forward declarations and mutually dependent classes=IDH_OP_forwardDeclarationsAndMutuallyDependentClasses
2 Fields=IDH_OP_fields
3 Methods
4 Methods: Overview=IDH_OP_methods
4 Method declarations and implementations
5 Method declarations and implementations=IDH_OP_methodDeclarationsAndImplementations
5 Inherited=IDH_OP_inherited
5 Self=IDH_OP_self
4 Method binding
5 Method binding: Overview=IDH_OP_methodBinding
5 Static methods=IDH_OP_staticMethods
5 Virtual and dynamic methods=IDH_OP_virtualAndDynamicMethods
5 Overriding versus hiding=IDH_OP_overridingVersusHiding
5 Reintroduce=IDH_OP_reintroduce
5 Abstract methods=IDH_OP_abstractMethods
3 Overloading methods=IDH_OP_overloadingMethods
4 Constructors=IDH_OP_constructors
4 Destructors=IDH_OP_destructors
4 Message methods=IDH_OP_messageHandlers
3 Properties
4 Properties: Overview=IDH_OP_properties
4 Property access=IDH_OP_propertyAccess
4 Array properties=IDH_OP_arrayProperties
4 Index specifiers=IDH_OP_indexSpecifiers
4 Storage specifiers=IDH_OP_storageSpecifiers
4 Property overrides and redeclarations=IDH_OP_propertyOverridesAndRedeclarations
3 Class references
4 Class references: Overview=IDH_OP_classReferences
4 Class-reference types=IDH_OP_classReferenceTypes
4 Constructors and class references=IDH_OP_constructorsAndClassReferences
4 Class operators
5 Class operators: Overview=IDH_OP_overviewClassOperators
5 The is operator=IDH_OP_isOperator
5 The as operator=IDH_OP_asOperator
3 Class methods=IDH_OP_classMethods
3 Exceptions
4 Exceptions: Overview=IDH_OP_exceptions
4 When to use exceptions=IDH_OP_whenToUseExceptions
4 Declaring exception types=IDH_OP_declaringExceptionTypes
4 Raising and handling exceptions
5 Raising and handling exceptions=IDH_OP_raisingAndHandlingExceptions
5 Try...except statements=IDH_OP_tryExceptStatements
5 Re-raising exceptions=IDH_OP_reraisingExceptions
5 Nested exceptions=IDH_OP_nestedExceptions
5 Try...finally statements=IDH_OP_tryFinallyStatements
3 Standard exception classes and routines=IDH_OP_standardExceptionClassesAndRoutines
2 Standard routines and I/O
3 Standard routines and I/O: Overview=IDH_OP_standardRoutinesAndIO
3 File input and output
4 File input and output=IDH_OP_fileIO
4 Text files=IDH_OP_textFiles
4 Untyped files=IDH_OP_untypedFiles
3Text-file device drivers
4 Text-file device drivers: Overview=IDH_OP_textFileDeviceDrivers
4 Device functions=IDH_OP_deviceFunctions
2 Handling null-terminated strings=IDH_OP_handlingNullTerminatedStrings
3 Other standard routines=IDH_OP_otherStandardRoutines
2 Libraries and packages
3 Libraries and packages: Overview=IDH_OP_dynamicLinkLibrariesAndPackages
3 Calling dynamically loadable libraries
4 Calling dynamically loadable libraries=IDH_OP_callingDlls
4 Dynamic loading=IDH_OP_dynamicLoading
3 Writing dynamically loadable libraries
4 Writing dynamically loadable libraries=IDH_OP_writingDlls
4 The exports clause=IDH_OP_theExportsClause
4 Library initialization code=IDH_OP_libraryInitializationCode
4 Global variables in a library=IDH_OP_globalVariablesInADll
4 Libraries and system variables=IDH_OP_dllsAndSystemVariables
4 Exceptions and runtime errors in libraries=IDH_OP_exceptionsAndRuntimeErrorsInDlls
4 Shared-memory manager (Windows only)=IDH_OP_theSharedMemoryManager
3 Packages
4 Packages: Overview=IDH_OP_packages
4 Package declarations and source files
5 Package declarations and source files=IDH_OP_packageDeclarationsAndSourceFiles
5 Naming packages=IDH_OP_namingPackages
5 The requires clause=IDH_OP_theRequiresClause
5 The contains clause=IDH_OP_theContainsClause
4 Compiling packages
5 Compiling packages: Overview=IDH_OP_compilingPackages
5 Generated files=IDH_OP_generatedFiles
5 Package-specific compiler directives=IDH_OP_packageSpecificCompilerDirectives
5 Package-specific command-line compiler switches=IDH_OP_packageSpecificCommandLineCompilerSwitches
2 Object interfaces
3 Object interfaces: Overview=IDH_OP_objectInterfaces
3 Interface types
4 Interface types: Overview=IDH_OP_interfaceTypes
4 IInterface and inheritance=IDH_OP_iunknownAndInheritance
4 Interface identification=IDH_OP_interfaceIdentification
4 Calling conventions for interfaces=IDH_OP_interfaceCallingConventions
4 Interface properties=IDH_OP_interfaceProperties
4 Forward declarations=IDH_OP_forwardDeclarations
3 Implementing interfaces
4 Implementing interfaces=IDH_OP_implementingInterfaces
4 Method resolution clauses=IDH_OP_methodResolutionClauses
4 Changing inherited implementations=IDH_OP_changingInheritedImplementations
4 Implementing interfaces by delegation
5 Implementing interfaces by delegation=IDH_OP_implementingInterfacesByDelegation
5 Delegating to an interface-type property=IDH_OP_delegatingToAnInterfaceTypeProperty
5 Delegating to a class-type property=IDH_OP_delegatingToAClassTypeProperty
3 Interface references
4 Interface references=IDH_OP_interfaceReferences
4 Interface assignment-compatibility=IDH_OP_interfaceAssignmentCompatibility
3 Interface typecasts=IDH_OP_interfaceTypecasts
3 Interface querying=IDH_OP_interfaceQuerying
3 Automation objects
4 Automation objects (Windows only)=IDH_OP_automationObjects
4 Dispatch interface types (Windows only)=IDH_OP_dispatchInterfaceTypes
4 Accessing Automation objects (Windows only)=IDH_OP_accessingAutomationObjects
4 Dual interfaces (Windows only)=IDH_OP_dualInterfaces
2 Memory management
3 Memory management: Overview=IDH_OP_memoryManagement
3 Variables=IDH_OP_variablesM
3 Integer types=IDH_OP_integerTypesM
3 Character types=IDH_OP_characterTypesM
3 Boolean types=IDH_OP_booleanTypesM
3 Enumerated types=IDH_OP_enumeratedTypesM
3 Real types=IDH_OP_realTypesM
3 Pointer types=IDH_OP_pointerTypesM
3 Short string types=IDH_OP_shortStringTypesM
3 Long string types=IDH_OP_longStringTypesM
3 Wide string types=IDH_OP_wideStringTypesM
3 Set types=IDH_OP_setTypesM
3 Static array types=IDH_OP_staticArrayTypesM
3 Dynamic array types=IDH_OP_dynamicArrayTypesM
3 Record types=IDH_OP_recordTypesM
3 File types=IDH_OP_fileTypesM
3 Procedural types=IDH_OP_proceduralTypesM
3 Class types=IDH_OP_classTypesM
3 Class reference types=IDH_OP_classReferenceTypesM
3 Variant types=IDH_OP_variantTypesM
2 Program control
3 Program control: Overview=IDH_OP_programControl
3 Parameters and function results
4 Parameters and function results: Overview=IDH_OP_parametersAndFunctionResults
4 Parameter passing=IDH_OP_parameterPassing
4 Function results=IDH_OP_functionResuts
4 Method calls=IDH_OP_methodCalls
4 Constructors and destructors=IDH_OP_constructorsAndDestructors
2 Exit procedures=IDH_OP_exitProcedures
2 Inline assembler code
3 Inline assembler code: Overview=IDH_OP_inlineAssemblerCode
3 The asm statement=IDH_OP_theAsmStatement
3 Assembler statement syntax
4 Assembler statement syntax=IDH_OP_assemblerStatementSyntax
4 Labels=IDH_OP_assemblerLabels
4 Instruction opcodes=IDH_OP_instructionOpcodes
4 Assembler directives=IDH_OP_assemblerDirectives
4 Operands=IDH_OP_operands
3 Expressions
4 Expressions: Overview=IDH_OP_assemblerExpressions
4 Differences between Object Pascal and assembler expressions=IDH_OP_differencesBetweenObjectPascalAndAssemblerExpressions
4 Expression elements
5 Expression elements: Overview=IDH_OP_expressionElements
5 Constants=IDH_OP_assemblerConstants
5 Registers=IDH_OP_registers
5 Symbols=IDH_OP_symbols
3 Expression classes=IDH_OP_expressionClasses
4 Expression types=IDH_OP_expressionTypes
4 Expression operators=IDH_OP_expressionOperators
2 Assembler procedures and functions=IDH_OP_assemblerProceduresAndFunctions
2 Object Pascal grammar
3 Formal grammar=IDH_OP_objectPascalGrammar

